![]() ![]() Ocular changes in response to form-deprivation and lens induced defocus are primarily associated with changes in axial length (mainly due to changes in vitreous chamber depth) and choroidal thickness. ![]() These studies have shown that experimentally degrading the quality of the image formed on the retina by introducing translucent diffusers (i.e., form-deprivation), or altering the focal point of the image with respect to the retinal plane by imposing plus or minus lenses to the eyes (i.e., lens induced defocus) results in abnormal eye growth and development of reflective errors. A large body of work on animal models (such as chicks, guinea pigs, and monkeys) has been instrumental to our understanding of visually guided ocular growth, and potential mechanisms leading to myopia. Despite much research, the mechanisms underlying the development of myopia are unknown. Myopia is a common refractive error, characterized by an excessive increase in axial length relative to the refractive power of the eye.
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